Analgesics are medications that relieve pain. They work either by reducing inflammation or by changing the way the brain processes and perceives pain. Side effects include heartburn, nausea, and ...

Koumine, a prominent monoterpene indole alkaloid isolated from Gelsemium elegans, has emerged as a compound of considerable interest due to its multifaceted pharmacological profile. Extensive ...

Morphine is an opiate found in opium, the juice secreted by the seedpods of poppies. It is a potent pain reliever and is similar in structure to other opiate analgesics. As morphine binds to opioid ...

Geriatric pharmacology is a challenging field of medical practice. This is because aging causes changes in body structure, function, composition, and metabolic pathways. In addition, older adults have ...